Anish Sinha

The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, governs admissions under Sections 15-21, defining them as oral, written, or electronic statements relevant to legal disputes. It balances evidentiary value with fairness, addressing admissibility, relevance, and confidentiality.

Expert testimony is vital in complex cases requiring specialized knowledge. Sections 39 and 40 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, govern the admissibility and scope of expert opinions, ensuring their relevance and reliability in legal decisions.

The Burden of Proof under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA), 2023 places the responsibility on the party asserting a fact to provide evidence supporting it. Sections 104-114 govern this obligation, ensuring fairness in legal proceedings by preventing baseless claims.

The Doctrine of Legitimate Expectation ensures fairness in governance by protecting individuals' reasonable expectations arising from administrative promises or practices. Balancing trust and accountability, it prevents arbitrary actions while respecting public interest.

The inherent powers of courts under CPC (Sections 148–153, esp. Section 151) ensure justice by addressing procedural gaps, safeguarding equity, and preventing abuse while respecting statutory limits.

Hart’s positivism argues that law is valid through procedural origins, independent of morality. Fuller’s natural law contends that ethical principles are essential to law’s legitimacy and social respect.

The Competition Act, 2002 regulates mergers and acquisitions to prevent monopolies, fostering market fairness. The CCI balances growth with competition, ensuring consumer welfare and economic efficiency.

Appeals in the Indian Code of Civil Procedure enable dissatisfied parties to seek higher court review of lower court judgments, ensuring fairness. They must be statutory, pertain to judicial decrees, and involve aggrieved parties.

Greenwashing misleads consumers with false eco-friendly claims, harming both trust and real sustainability. High-profile cases show why clear regulations and transparency are crucial for accountability.

Pleadings are written statements in civil cases outlining facts, claims, and defenses. They help clarify issues, guide the court, and ensure transparency, forming the basis for an organized and fair trial.

The Central Consumer Protection Council (CCPC) in India safeguards consumer rights, promotes fair practices, and advises on policies. It fosters consumer safety, education, and ethical business practices nationwide.

The doctrines of Res-Judicata and Res-Sub Judice are essential in preventing redundant litigation and ensuring judicial efficiency. Res-Judicata, under Section 11 of the CPC, bars re-litigation of an issue already settled between the same parties. In contrast, Res-Sub Judice, under Section 10, preve

Negligence in tort law addresses failures to exercise reasonable care, leading to harm. Established by the landmark case Donoghue v. Stevenson, which introduced the “neighbor principle,” negligence requires proof of duty, breach, causation, and damages. In India, cases like Indian Medical Associatio