The Legality of Iran’s Strait of Hormuz Blockade Under International Law

March 01, 2025 • 2 min read

SC: Judiciary Must Recognize Gender-Specific Challenges Faced by Women Officers

March 01, 2025 • 2 min read

Five-Year Legal Battle Ends: Kangna Ranaut Unconditionally Withdraws Remarks Against Jawed Akhtar in Defamation Case

February 28, 2025 • 3 min read

SC to Civic Bodies: Explain How Manual Scavenging Deaths Persist Despite Ban in Delhi, Kolkata, Hyderabad

February 28, 2025 • 3 min read

Supreme Court Rules: Customs Officers Must Meet Stricter ‘Reasons to Believe’ Standard Before Arresting Suspects

February 27, 2025 • 2 min read

Public Servant Prosecution Cannot Proceed Without Valid Sanction, Rejects 'Deemed Sanction' Argument Under Section 197 CrPC

February 27, 2025 • 3 min read

Supreme Court Strikes Down Legislative Immunity, Allows Judicial Review of Bihar Council’s Expulsion of RJD MLC Sunil Kumar Singh

February 26, 2025 • 3 min read

SC Reverses Expulsion of Sunil Kumar Singh from Bihar Legislative Council, Emphasizes Proportionality and Fairness in Legislative Disciplinary Actions

"The true architecture of justice is not found in the courtroom, but in the structural integrity of the laws that govern it."

— Legal Wires Editorial Board

§ II

Case Studies

Browse Archive →

Case Study: Rejanish K.V. v. K. Deepa

The Supreme Court in Rejanish K.V. v. K. Deepa (2025) held that judicial officers with seven years of prior advocacy are eligible for direct recruitment as District Judges under Article 233(2), overruling Dheeraj Mor and affirming equality in eligibility.

October 13, 2025

Case Study: Sri Hansraj Koley v. The Secretary, Labour Department and Others

In Sri Hansraj Koley v. The Secretary, Labour Department (WPA 10043 of 2025), Calcutta HC held guest faculty not a "workman" under Industrial Dispute Act, 1947, as they are not regularly employed and receive honorarium, not wages, dismissing the writ petition.

July 19, 2025

Case Study: Philip Morris v. Uruguay

The Philip Morris v. Uruguay case reaffirmed states' rights to regulate in the public interest, particularly for health measures. The ICSID tribunal ruled that Uruguay's tobacco regulations did not constitute expropriation or unfair treatment, setting a key precedent.

March 28, 2025

Case Study: Siemens A.G. v. The Argentine Republic

The Siemens v. Argentina case reaffirmed investor protections under BITs, ruling Argentina’s termination of Siemens’ contract as unlawful expropriation. The ICSID tribunal awarded Siemens over $217 million, reinforcing fair treatment and state obligations in investment disputes.

March 24, 2025

Case Study: SD Myers v. Canada

The SD Myers v. Canada case set key precedents in NAFTA arbitration, clarifying national treatment, minimum standard of treatment, and damages in non-expropriation cases. The Tribunal found Canada's PCB export ban discriminatory, awarding SDMI CAN$6 million in compensation.

March 22, 2025

Case Study: Metalclad Corp. v. United Mexican States

Metalclad v. Mexico highlights indirect expropriation under NAFTA, where regulatory actions deprived an investor of economic use. The tribunal ruled in favor of Metalclad, awarding $16.5M, but a Canadian court partially annulled the decision, limiting its scope.

March 16, 2025

Case Study: Tecnicas Medioambientales Tacmed S.A. (Tecmed) v. Mexico

The Tecmed v. Mexico case (ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/00/2) established that politically motivated regulatory actions can constitute expropriation. The tribunal ruled that Mexico’s refusal to renew a landfill permit violated investor protections, awarding $5.5M in damages.

March 12, 2025

Case Study: The State of Madhya Pradesh v. Balveer Singh

The Supreme Court ruled that a child witness’s credible and consistent testimony can form the sole basis for conviction without corroboration. It held that mere delay in recording the statement does not render it unreliable, reaffirming legal standards for child testimony.

February 27, 2025

§ III

Columns

Read all Columns →

Legal Wires

Regulating the Flow - An AI Driven Analysis into PNGRB’s Orders 2025

This report presents a comprehensive analysis of every order issued by the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB) since its establishment.

Court Fees (Delhi Amendment) Act, 2026: A Structural Shift Toward Settlement-Driven Civil Justice

The Court Fees (Delhi Amendment) Act, 2026 grants 100% refund on court fees for amicable settlements, even private ones without ADR. Ending the prior 50% limit for settlements, it marks a shift to settlement-driven justice.

Warship Sovereignty and sinking IRIS Dena

The sinking of Iran's IRIS Dena by a U.S. submarine in the Indian Ocean—post-MILAN 2026 exercises—challenges maritime sovereignty, UNCLOS immunity, and self-defense under Article 51. This rare peacetime strike risks eroding trust in shared seas and naval norms.

Anish Sinha, Nishant Singh Rawat

From Inspector Raj to a Modern Regulatory State NITI Aayog’s Push for Reform

NITI Aayog's 2025 blueprint targets India's "Inspector Raj"—colonial permissions evolved into postcolonial controls. From Nehru's planning to post-1991 delays, regs fostered dependence. Reforms advocate risk-based approvals, self-certification & digital trust to spur innovation beyond bureaucracy.

The Supreme Court’s Red Line on Environmental Oversight

In T.N. Godavarman case, SC sets constitutional boundary: Govt can't dissolve CEC sans court nod. This judicially born, statutorily backed panel upholds unbiased eco-monitoring against exec erosion.

India's Labour Law Leap: Four Codes Go Live on November 21, 2025

India's four Labour Codes launch today, Nov 21, 2025—merging 29 old laws into one modern framework. Gig protections, floor wages, safety upgrades, and retrenchment ease boost workers. But state rules and digital divides loom large.

Nishant Singh Rawat, Anish Sinha

Fair Use or Foul Play? The Legal Boundaries of AI Learning in the Age of Copyright

In Bartz v. Anthropic (2025), a U.S. court ruled AI training on lawfully purchased books is fair use, but using pirated copies is not. The decision balances innovation with copyright, affirming machines can learn lawfully with consent and transformative intent.

Registration Is Not Ownership: The Supreme Court’s Gopi Verdict and the Future of Property Law in India

The Supreme Court in K Gopi v. Sub-Registrar struck down Tamil Nadu’s Rule 55-A(i) for overstepping the Registration Act, reaffirming that Sub-Registrars can’t assess title—only courts can. It’s a landmark on delegated power and property rights.

§ IV

Lex-O-Pedia

Explore Lex-O-Pedia →

What is the impact of Globalization on Investment Law?

Globalization has transformed investment law, shaping foreign direct investment (FDI) flows, regulatory frameworks, and investor protections. Bilateral treaties, dispute mechanisms, and economic integration reflect the evolving legal landscape of cross-border investments.

What is the role of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)?

The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) provides a neutral forum for resolving disputes between states and foreign investors. Established in 1966 under the ICSID Convention, it ensures impartial arbitration and conciliation, fostering investment stability.

What are Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITS)?

Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) are agreements between two states that protect foreign investors by ensuring fair treatment, preventing expropriation, and providing dispute resolution mechanisms.

What is Expropriation under International Investment Laws?

Expropriation in international investment law is the compulsory taking of foreign investors' assets by a host state, balancing sovereign rights with investment protection. It includes direct and indirect forms, requiring fair compensation and due process.

What is GATT and the WTO?

The WTO evolved from GATT to better address global trade challenges, expand trade rules to services and intellectual property, and establish a stronger dispute resolution system, ensuring fairness and predictability in international trade.

What is the Doctrine of Regulatory Taking in International Investment Law?

The regulatory taking doctrine in international investment law mandates compensation when state regulations significantly impact investments, even without formal expropriation, balancing sovereign regulation and investor protection.

What is Fair and Equitable Treatment in International Investment Law?

Fair and Equitable Treatment (FET) ensures stability, transparency, and non-discrimination in investment law. It protects investors' legitimate expectations and prevents arbitrary actions. Its evolving interpretation impacts global investment disputes and treaty practices.