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SHG-Bank Linkage & Microfinance Regulation
The programme evolved through three phases: the micro-credit foundation (2000–2005), the SGSY era (2005–2013), and the NRLM era (2013–present). Each phase generated its own chain of circulars with distinct reporting requirements, eligibility criteria, and interest rate structures.
MSME Lending: Definitions, Targets & Credit Flow
See also: [Related: Priority Sector Lending — The Complete Framework]
Agricultural Lending: Crop Loans, KCC & Allied Activities
See also: [Related: Priority Sector Lending — The Complete Framework]
Priority Sector Lending: The Complete Timeline
1,698 RBI notifications across 18 sub-topics build and rebuild this framework. This is the complete record.
NBFC Capital, NPA, Deposits & Governance
This article covers 189 capital adequacy notifications, 182 NPA/IRAC notifications, 123 deposit acceptance notifications, and 427 governance notifications — with complete reference tables.
Scale Based Regulation: The NBFC Tiering Framework
107 notifications trace the evolution from the first "systemically important" classification in 2006 to the comprehensive SBR framework of 2025.
NBFC Regulation: The Complete Timeline
1,566 notifications trace this evolution. 311 are unique to NBFCs, not covered by any prior topic.
RRB Lending, Investment & Deposit Norms
595 notifications govern lending norms, 138 cover investments and SLR, and 279 address deposits and interest rates. Here are the key provisions and the complete reference chain.
196 to 43: The RRB Amalgamation Story
See also: [Related: Regional Rural Banks — The Complete Regulatory Timeline] | [Related: The Sponsor Bank Problem]
The Sponsor Bank Problem in Regional Rural Banking
See also: [Related: Regional Rural Banks — The Complete Regulatory Timeline]
Regional Rural Banks: The Complete Regulatory Timeline
Every RRB has a sponsor — a commercial bank that holds 35% equity, provides management support, seconds officers, and bears ultimate responsibility for the RRB's viability. The Government of India holds 50%, and the concerned state government holds 15%.
UCB Lending, Investment & Deposit Norms
The pattern across all three is identical: liberality in the early 2000s, a series of shocks (the government securities fraud of 2002, the global financial crisis of 2008, the PMC collapse of 2019), and reactive tightening that eventually produced the comprehensive 2025 Master Directions.
Rural Co-ops: StCBs, DCCBs, and NABARD Supervision
See also: [Related: Co-operative Banks in India — The Complete Regulatory Timeline]
Co-operative Banks Regulation: The Complete Timeline
This article traces the complete regulatory arc — 2,206 notifications across 17 sub-topics — from the liberal licensing era of the early 2000s through the crisis and into the reformed framework that governs India's 1,500+ co-operative banks today.
Authorised Dealer Operations: The Complete Operational Framework
Every A.P. (DIR Series) circular and related notification directed to authorised dealers under FEMA, in chronological order.
Foreign Portfolio Investment: FII to FPI Transition & Debt Limits
See also: [Related: Foreign Exchange Regulation in India — The Complete Timeline]
Export & Import Forex Regulations: Realisation, Payment & Trade Credit
See also: [Related: Foreign Exchange Regulation in India — The Complete Timeline]
Forex Derivatives & Hedging: Product Framework & User Categories
See also: [Related: Foreign Exchange Regulation in India — The Complete Timeline]
NRI Accounts, Deposits & Property: The Complete Regulatory Guide
Alongside deposits, the regime governs NRI acquisition and transfer of immovable property in India — a separate but closely linked chain of 68 circulars.
External Commercial Borrowings: Framework, Limits & Evolution
See also: [Related: Foreign Exchange Regulation in India — The Complete Timeline]
FDI Liberalisation in India: Sector Caps, Routes & Policy Evolution
Each circular below is a policy decision with winners and losers. Each verbatim quote is drawn from the original RBI document on CDN.
Foreign Exchange & FEMA: The Complete Regulatory Timeline
Between those two laws and the 2,446 RBI circulars and FEMA notifications that operationalized them lies the complete story of India's integration into the global financial system. This is that story.
Digital KYC: Aadhaar, Video KYC, and the Central KYC Registry
See also: [Related: KYC & Anti-Money Laundering — The Complete Regulatory Timeline]
FATF Compliance: Deficient Jurisdictions and the Relay Chain
See also: [Related: KYC & Anti-Money Laundering — The Complete Regulatory Timeline]