Introduction
In India, divorce laws are governed primarily by personal laws based on religion, as well as the Special Marriage Act, 1954, which applies to civil marriages. Hindu marriages are governed by the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, while Muslim, Christian, and Parsi divorces are regulated by their respective religious laws. Under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, Section 13 enumerates various grounds for divorce, including adultery, cruelty, desertion, and more. Adultery is explicitly recognized as a ground for divorce under Section 13(1)(i), which allows a spouse to seek divorce if the other has had voluntary sexual intercourse with someone other than their spouse. Similarly, the Indian Divorce Act, 1869, applicable to Christians, also recognizes adultery under Section 10.