Section 138

A stop-payment record predating the cheque, and a plaintiff whose pleaded cheque date differs from the date sworn in cross-examination, can rebut the Section 139 presumption. How the presumption works, how it is displaced, and why chronology and credibility matter.

Audit requirements under the Companies Act, 2013 ensure transparency, accountability, and fair financial reporting. Key audits include internal, secretarial, and cost audits, depending on company type. Appointment and removal of auditors follow specific legal procedures.