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Can a Company Audit Its Distributor and Recover Overpayments Under Indian Law?
India has no distributor-protection statute, so audit rights, clawback of overpaid amounts, default interest and claim deadlines all stand or fall on drafting. How Sections 72, 74 and 28 of the Contract Act and the three-year limitation period shape enforceable clauses.
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Singapore

Golden Barley International Pte Ltd v BASP International Pte Ltd and others [2024] SGHC 235

The Singapore High Court dismissed a claim in unjust enrichment, ruling that payments made under a valid contractual obligation preclude such claims. The court emphasized that subjective, uncommunicated intentions cannot establish a 'failure of basis' in multi-party commercial disputes.

Sushant Shukla· ·9 min read
Singapore

Ng Chee Tian and another v Ng Chee Pong and others [2024] SGHC 226

Unjust enrichment is an interstitial cause of action that cannot be invoked where other conventional causes of action are available, even if those causes of action are time-barred. Proprietary remedies are not available for claims in unjust enrichment in Singapore.

Sushant Shukla· ·14 min read
Singapore

Da Hui Shipping (Pte) Ltd (in creditors’ voluntary liquidation) v An Rong Shipping Pte Ltd (in liquidation) (Societe Generale, Singapore Branch and another, non-parties) [2024] SGHC 166

A claimant cannot be subrogated to security interests that have already been fully enforced and are therefore spent in the hands of the creditor.

Sushant Shukla· ·12 min read
Singapore

Lim Chee Seng v Phang Yew Kiat [2024] SGHC 100

The court held that a total failure of consideration can be established even if a valid contract exists, provided the essential bargain has failed and the contract does not allocate the risk of such failure to the claimant.

Sushant Shukla· ·13 min read
Singapore

Thong Soon Seng v Magnus Energy Group Ltd [2023] SGHC 5

The plaintiff bears the legal and evidential burden of proving the existence of a loan agreement when the defendant denies the debt, and a mere admission of receipt of funds does not shift this burden.

Sushant Shukla· ·13 min read
Singapore

Chia Kin Tuck v Leong Choon Kum and Another [2005] SGHC 1

The High Court dismissed six appeals in Chia Kin Tuck v Leong Choon Kum, ruling that defendants cannot retain disputed funds. The court ordered the $1m returned to the plaintiff’s solicitors pending resolution of beneficial ownership to prevent an inequitable windfall.

Sushant Shukla· ·9 min read
Singapore

United Artists Singapore Theatres Pte Ltd & Another v Parkway Properties Pte Ltd & Another [2002] SGHC 185

The High Court ruled for the Plaintiffs in United Artists Singapore v Parkway Properties, ordering the return of $1.84M in deposits. The court held that 'subject to contract' payments are recoverable when a lease fails, as agreements to negotiate are not legally enforceable contracts.

Sushant Shukla· ·8 min read
Singapore

Info-communications Development Authority of Singapore v Singapore Telecommunications Ltd (No 2) [2002] SGHC 119

The High Court dismissed the IDA's $1.5 billion claim against SingTel, ruling that the payment was part of a valid, final settlement. The court held that because SingTel provided substantial consideration by waiving potential claims, the deal must remain inviolate, rejecting restitutionary claims.

Sushant Shukla· ·8 min read
Singapore

Management Corporation Strata Title No 473 v De Beers Jewellery Pte Ltd

The court held that money paid under a mistake of law is recoverable, and that a management corporation's power to levy contributions is strictly governed by the Land Titles (Strata) Act.

Sushant Shukla· ·12 min read
Singapore

Management Corporation Strata Title No 473 v De Beers Jewellery Pte Ltd [2001] SGHC 207

The court held that payments made under a mistake of law are recoverable under the principle of unjust enrichment, and that a management corporation cannot impose financial conditions for approval of subdivision plans that are not authorised by the Land Titles (Strata) Act.

Sushant Shukla· ·15 min read
Singapore

Subtle Senses Pte Ltd (in creditor's voluntary liquidation) v Healthtrends Medical Investments Pte Ltd [2012] SGHC 148

In Subtle Senses Pte Ltd (in creditor's voluntary liquidation) v Healthtrends Medical Investments Pte Ltd, the High Court of the Republic of Singapore addressed issues of Restitution — Money had and received.

Sushant Shukla· ·8 min read
Singapore

Chan Gek Yong v Chan Gek Lan [2012] SGHC 102

In Chan Gek Yong v Chan Gek Lan, the High Court of the Republic of Singapore addressed issues of Restitution.

Sushant Shukla· ·9 min read
Singapore

Chee Jok Heng Stephanie v Tan Kian Meng William [2010] SGHC 208

In Chee Jok Heng Stephanie v Tan Kian Meng William, the High Court of the Republic of Singapore addressed issues of Restitution — money had and received, Trusts — resulting trust.

Sushant Shukla· ·8 min read
Singapore

Lim Leong Huat v Chip Hup Hup Kee Construction Pte Ltd and another [2010] SGHC 170

In Lim Leong Huat v Chip Hup Hup Kee Construction Pte Ltd and another, the High Court of the Republic of Singapore addressed issues of Tort, Restitution.

Sushant Shukla· ·9 min read
Singapore

Chee Jok Heng Stephanie v Chang Yue Shoon [2010] SGHC 153

In Chee Jok Heng Stephanie v Chang Yue Shoon, the High Court of the Republic of Singapore addressed issues of CONTRACT — Misrepresentation, RESTITUTION — Money Had and Received.

Sushant Shukla· ·9 min read
Singapore

Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (Publ), Singapore Branch v Asia Pacific Breweries (Singapore) Pte Ltd and Another and Another Suit [2009] SGHC 197

In Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (Publ), Singapore Branch v Asia Pacific Breweries (Singapore) Pte Ltd and Another and Another Suit, the High Court of the Republic of Singapore addressed issues of Agency — Actual authority, Restitution — Enrichment.

Sushant Shukla· ·9 min read
Singapore

Yaku Shin (JB) Sdn Bhd v Panasonic AVC Networks Singapore Pte Ltd and Another [2008] SGHC 87

In Yaku Shin (JB) Sdn Bhd v Panasonic AVC Networks Singapore Pte Ltd and Another, the High Court of the Republic of Singapore addressed issues of Restitution — Quantum meruit.

Sushant Shukla· ·10 min read
Singapore

Chan Gek Yong v Chan Gek Lan [2008] SGHC 167

In Chan Gek Yong v Chan Gek Lan [2008] SGHC 167, the High Court dismissed both the plaintiff's claims and the defendant's counterclaim regarding alleged misappropriation of funds, citing a lack of evidence to substantiate the allegations in this familial financial dispute.

Sushant Shukla· ·8 min read
Singapore

Ng Guat Hua v Onestoneinvest Pte Ltd and Others [2008] SGHC 156

In Ng Guat Hua v Onestoneinvest Pte Ltd and Others, the High Court of the Republic of Singapore addressed issues of Restitution.

Sushant Shukla· ·8 min read
Singapore

Neo Kok Eng v Yeow Chern Lean and Another Suit [2008] SGHC 151

In Neo Kok Eng v Yeow Chern Lean and Another Suit, the High Court of the Republic of Singapore addressed issues of Restitution.

Sushant Shukla· ·9 min read
Singapore

MSP4GE Asia Pte Ltd and another v MSP Global Pte Ltd and others [2019] SGHC 20

In MSP4GE Asia Pte Ltd and another v MSP Global Pte Ltd and others, the High Court of the Republic of Singapore addressed issues of Trusts — Constructive trust, Restitution — Unjust enrichment.

Sushant Shukla· ·9 min read
Singapore

Ong Lu Ling v Tan Ho Seng [2018] SGHC 65

Unjust enrichment claims require the plaintiff to come to court with clean hands; where the plaintiff is a nominee of a bankrupt and the transaction is dubious, the court will not grant relief.

Sushant Shukla· ·13 min read
Singapore

Ho Heng Leng (alias Foo Chee Kai) v Lodge, Kenneth George (litigation representative and administrator of the estate of Lodge, Vivien (alias Vivien Tsuji), deceased) (Lim Soon Wah Thomas, third party) [2017] SGHC 96

The court held that the plaintiff had proven on a balance of probabilities that the funds advanced to the deceased were a loan rather than a gift, and thus the estate was liable for repayment.

Sushant Shukla· ·15 min read