Globalization has transformed investment law, shaping foreign direct investment (FDI) flows, regulatory frameworks, and investor protections. Bilateral treaties, dispute mechanisms, and economic integration reflect the evolving legal landscape of cross-border investments.

The doctrine of regulatory taking in international investment law ensures compensation when state regulations significantly impact foreign investments, even without formal expropriation. Balancing sovereign regulation and investor rights remains a key challenge.

Fair and Equitable Treatment (FET) ensures stability, transparency, and non-discrimination in investment law. It protects investors' legitimate expectations and prevents arbitrary actions. Its evolving interpretation impacts global investment disputes and treaty practices.