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Columns 18 min read

Navigating without a Helmsman vis-à-vis liability for Maritime autonomous surface ships under Singapore Law

Maritime tort law assumes a human helmsman whose negligence can be tested against the reasonable mariner. Autonomous vessels obliterate that assumption. This article maps how Singapore's Spandeck framework, COLREGs, and limitation regimes hold — or fail — when no one is at the wheel.

Anish Sinha
Contributor
May 04
02
Buzz

Earth System Governance: How "Planetary Boundaries" are Rewriting Climate Law

Apr 04 ·3 min read
03
Buzz

The Trillion-Dollar Vacuum: Why the Outer Space Treaty is a Commercial IP Nightmare

Apr 03 ·3 min read
Singapore

NextEra Energy Global Holdings BV and another v Kingdom of Spain [2026] SGHC 43

Accession to the ICSID Convention constitutes a submission to the jurisdiction of the courts of other Contracting States for the purpose of recognition and enforcement of ICSID awards, thereby engaging the Submission Exception under s 4 of the State Immunity Act 1979.

Sushant Shukla· ·14 min read
Singapore

WestLB AG v Philippine National Bank & Others [2006] SGHC 234

A foreign state that takes a step in proceedings, such as applying for substantive relief, submits to the jurisdiction of the court and waives its state immunity.

Sushant Shukla· ·12 min read
Singapore

Woo Anthony v Singapore Airlines Ltd (Civil Aeronautics Administration, Third Party) [2003] SGHC 190

A foreign entity claiming state immunity under the State Immunity Act must be recognised as a state by the Singapore government, and in the absence of such recognition (as evidenced by a certificate from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs), the court will not grant immunity.

Sushant Shukla· ·14 min read
Singapore

Ministry of Rural Development, Fishery, Craft Industry and Environment of the Union of Comoros v Chan Leng Leng and another [2013] SGHC 81

In Ministry of Rural Development, Fishery, Craft Industry and Environment of the Union of Comoros v Chan Leng Leng and another, the High Court of the Republic of Singapore addressed issues of Civil Procedure — Costs, International Law — Sovereign Immunity.

Sushant Shukla· ·10 min read
Singapore

Public Prosecutor v Tan Cheng Yew and another appeal [2012] SGHC 241

The High Court allowed the prosecution's appeal in Public Prosecutor v Tan Cheng Yew [2012] SGHC 241, enhancing the sentence to 12 years' imprisonment. The ruling emphasizes that professional status is an aggravating factor in criminal breach of trust cases, prioritizing deterrence for legal profess

Sushant Shukla· ·8 min read
Singapore

The "Sahand" and other applications [2011] SGHC 27

Analysis of [2011] SGHC 27, a decision of the High Court of the Republic of Singapore on 2011-01-31.

Sushant Shukla· ·9 min read
Singapore

TUC v TUD [2017] SGHCF 12

In TUC v TUD, the High Court of the Republic of Singapore addressed issues of Family Law — Child, International Law — Conventions.

Sushant Shukla· ·8 min read
Singapore

Sanum Investments Ltd v Government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic [2016] SGCA 57

The Court of Appeal overturned the High Court's decision in Sanum Investments Ltd v Lao PDR, affirming that the arbitral tribunal had subject-matter jurisdiction. The ruling clarifies the territorial application of BITs and the interpretation of investor-state dispute resolution clauses.

Sushant Shukla· ·8 min read
Singapore

BDU v BDT [2014] SGCA 12

In BDU v BDT, the Court of Appeal of the Republic of Singapore addressed issues of Family Law — Child, International Law — Conventions.

Sushant Shukla· ·8 min read
Singapore

Republic of the Philippines v Maler Foundation and Others [2008] SGCA 14

In Republic of the Philippines v Maler Foundation and Others, the Court of Appeal of the Republic of Singapore addressed issues of International Law — Sovereign immunity, Words and Phrases — "Step in the proceedings".

Sushant Shukla· ·8 min read
Singapore

Civil Aeronautics Administration v Singapore Airlines Ltd [2004] SGCA 3

In Civil Aeronautics Administration v Singapore Airlines Ltd, the Court of Appeal of the Republic of Singapore addressed issues of International Law — Sovereign immunity.

Sushant Shukla· ·9 min read
015
Buzz · International Law

The Legality of Iran’s Strait of Hormuz Blockade Under International Law

Mar 26 ·3 min read
Columns 11 min read

Understanding Cyber Laws in the Globalised world: from the Budapest treaty to the UN

In the digital era, cyber laws safeguard security, privacy, and governance. Global treaties like the Budapest Convention and UN Cybercrime Convention aim to combat cyber threats, balancing sovereignty and cooperation. India upholds sovereignty while evolving its cyber laws.

Aditi Saxena
Contributor
Mar 14
In Re case-study

Case Study: Germany v. Polland (The Chorzow Factory case)

The Chorzow Factory case (1927) established that unlawful expropriation by a state requires full reparation, restoring the injured party to its original position or providing compensation, setting a precedent in international law on state responsibility.
2025 · 5 min read Held
Judgment
Def. Lex-O-Pedia
What is an Umbrella Clause?
An umbrella clause in investment treaties mandates host states to honor commitments related to investments, elevating breaches of local obligations to international disputes. It enhances investor protection, though its scope and applicability remain debated in arbitration.
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