Intellectual Property Rights

The Indian Patent Act (Sections 3 & 4) prevents monopolies on non-patentable items like traditional knowledge, atomic energy, and mere discoveries. Landmark cases like Novartis reinforce that incremental changes must show "enhanced efficacy" to protect public interest and genuine innovation.

Explore the Doctrine of Fair Use under U.S. and Indian copyright law. Learn how fair use and fair dealing protect criticism, education, research, and parody, the four-factor test courts apply, and key cases like Folsom v. Marsh and the Delhi High Court's Oxford photocopying ruling.

John Doe orders address challenges posed by anonymity in legal disputes, particularly in intellectual property rights. Originating in English law, these orders empower courts globally to act against unidentified defendants, balancing rights with enforcement.

Broadcasting organisations in India are protected under the Copyright Act, 1957, with rights like rebroadcasting, communication to the public, fixation, distribution, and moral rights. These ensure broadcasters control their content, prevent misuse, and monetize effectively.

Performers' rights under copyright law recognize the contributions of artists like actors, musicians, and dancers. These rights offer protections against unauthorized use, ensure fair compensation, and uphold moral rights, enhancing their creative and economic interests.

Dormant companies, under Section 455 of the Companies Act, 2013, can temporarily pause operations while retaining assets and reducing compliance. By meeting specific requirements, they can regain active status within five years or risk being struck off by the Registrar of Companies.

Ancillarisation fosters a collaborative ecosystem, linking SMEs and large firms for efficiency. Governed by the Companies Act, 2013 and MSMED Act, 2006, it supports economic growth and industrial synergy.