Electronic Evidence

Phishing and UPI fraud engage criminal law, cyber law and banking regulation at once. A map of the offences a fraudster commits, how to report the fraud, and the RBI rules that decide whether the victim or the bank bears the loss.

The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, governs admissions under Sections 15-21, defining them as oral, written, or electronic statements relevant to legal disputes. It balances evidentiary value with fairness, addressing admissibility, relevance, and confidentiality.