Tariffs shape global trade, impacting economies and legal frameworks. The U.S. under Trump imposed new tariffs on China, Canada, and Mexico, citing security concerns. This has led to retaliatory measures, raising legal challenges under WTO rules and disrupting commerce.

The regulatory taking doctrine in international investment law mandates compensation when state regulations significantly impact investments, even without formal expropriation, balancing sovereign regulation and investor protection.

White-collar crimes in India, often committed by individuals in positions of trust, involve fraud, corruption, and financial misconduct. With increasing globalization and technology, such crimes have evolved, demanding stricter regulations and enforcement for accountability.