Custody, as a cornerstone of the criminal justice system, ensures accountability while balancing individual rights. This analysis examines custody provisions under BNSS and CrPC, exploring judicial safeguards, reforms, and challenges to prevent abuse and uphold justice.

Punishment aims to deter crime, maintain order, and reform offenders. Theories like retributive, deterrent, preventive, reformative, and compensatory provide frameworks for justice, balancing crime and society.