The principles of necessity and proportionality in IHL limit warfare by balancing military objectives with humanitarian concerns. Rooted in treaties and customary law, they ensure that force is essential and proportionate, preventing excessive harm to civilians.

Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) are agreements between two states that protect foreign investors by ensuring fair treatment, preventing expropriation, and providing dispute resolution mechanisms.

The proposal to criminalize ecocide as an international crime marks a pivotal shift in global justice. By recognizing large-scale environmental harm as a violation of planetary rights, it seeks to deter destruction, ensure accountability, and champion ecological integrity.

The Mimansa principles, rooted in ancient Indian jurisprudence, offer timeless methodologies for statutory interpretation. Balancing textual fidelity with ethical reasoning, they harmonize tradition and modernity, enriching contemporary legal frameworks and advancing equity.