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Def.
Lex-O-Pedia
What Legal Remedies Do Students Have When an Exam Paper Is Leaked?
A leaked examination paper is not merely an administrative mishap. Indian law now gives affected students overlapping remedies across criminal, constitutional, consumer and transparency law — with the candidate protected from prosecution while the leak's architects face non-bailable charges.
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Def.
Lex-O-Pedia
What Are a Borrower's Rights When an NBFC or Digital Lender Recalls a Loan?
A loan-recall notice from a fintech NBFC is not self-executing. It must comply with the RBI Fair Practices Code, the Digital Lending Directions 2025 and the loan agreement itself. A map of the borrower's rights, defences and remedies.
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Def.
Lex-O-Pedia
What Are the Five Pillars of E-Commerce Compliance in India?
From the E-Commerce Rules 2020 to the DPDP Act 2023, GST tax collection at source and RBI payment aggregator norms — a five-pillar map of the obligations, penalties and enforcement trends confronting every online marketplace operating in India.
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Def.
Lex-O-Pedia
Can an Organiser Refuse to Refund Event Fees When a Participant Is Medically Unable to Attend?
Blanket "fees once paid are non-refundable" policies are not the last word in Indian law. Section 56 frustration, the unconscionability doctrine and the Consumer Protection Act 2019 all bear on a participant who is medically unable to attend a paid event.
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Singapore
Nail Palace (BPP) Pte Ltd v v Competition and Consumer Commission of Singapore and another appeal [2023] SGHC 203
The court affirmed that accompanying orders under the CPFTA are intended to inform consumers, enhance monitoring, and deter unfair practices, and that such orders are not contingent on a breach of an injunction.
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·15 min read
Def.
Lex-O-Pedia
What are the powers of the Director General to investigate complaints under the Competition Act?
The Director General under the Competition Act, 2002, investigates anti-competitive practices through powers like summoning individuals, accessing records, and conducting search and seizure. Landmark cases highlight the DG's pivotal role in safeguarding fair competition and consumer welfare.
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Def.
Lex-O-Pedia
What is the relationship between Freedom of Speech and Expression and the Right to Advertisement?
Advertising intersects with the right to freedom of speech, protected under Article 19(1)(a) of the Indian Constitution. Courts have ruled that commercial speech is fundamental, yet regulations must ensure ethical standards, consumer protection, and balanced freedoms.
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