How can the theories of punishment be critically analyzed?
Punishment aims to deter crime, maintain order, and reform offenders. Theories like retributive, deterrent, preventive, reformative, and compensatory provide frameworks for justice, balancing crime and society.
Unlawful agreements violate law, public policy, or morals, rendering them void under Section 23 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872. They differ from illegal agreements, which involve criminal acts.
The stages of crime—intention, preparation, attempt, and commission—help determine criminal liability under Indian law, assessing the progression from thought to action for appropriate legal consequences.
The Principle of Competence-Competence & the Jurisdiction of Arbitral Tribunals
The Kompetenz-Kompetenz principle grants arbitral tribunals authority to determine their own jurisdiction, including challenges to the validity of the arbitration agreement, minimizing court intervention.
Arbitration Agreements (The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996)
An arbitration agreement is a fundamental component of arbitration proceedings, forming the basis for resolving disputes outside of court. Governed by the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, it reflects the parties’ mutual consent to submit their disputes to an impartial arbitrator. The agreemen
Salient features of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996
The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 is a key legislative framework that governs dispute resolution through arbitration and conciliation in India. It replaced the outdated 1940 Act, aligning India’s arbitration practices with international standards, particularly the UNCITRAL Model Law. The Ac