The media serves as the fourth pillar of Indian democracy, playing a crucial role in ensuring transparency, accountability, and unbiased reporting, while facing challenges like censorship, bias, and misinformation.

The Doctrine of Lis Pendens, under Section 52 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882, prevents property transfers during ongoing litigation. It ensures the disputed property's status remains unchanged, protecting litigants' rights and upholding judicial authority.

The Companies Act, 2013 outlines processes for inspecting, inquiring, and investigating companies to ensure transparency and prevent fraud. Authorities like the Registrar, Central Government, and SFIO can scrutinize records, investigate misconduct, and protect shareholder interests.

The Doctrine of Part Performance, under Section 53A of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882, protects transferees who act in good faith on an unregistered property agreement. It ensures fairness by barring transferors from denying rights after part performance of the contract.

The appointment of Key Managerial Personnel (KMP) in companies is governed by the Companies Act, 2013, which mandates their appointment for certain public companies. The KMPs are responsible for managing operations and ensuring compliance, with specified roles and remuneration limits.

An ostensible owner appears as the true owner with the real owner's consent but lacks actual ownership. Under Section 41 of the Transfer of Property Act, a good-faith purchaser relying on such ownership may acquire valid title, overriding the real owner's rights.

Dormant companies, under Section 455 of the Companies Act, 2013, can temporarily pause operations while retaining assets and reducing compliance. By meeting specific requirements, they can regain active status within five years or risk being struck off by the Registrar of Companies.

Malicious prosecution under tort law involves initiating legal proceedings with malice and without probable cause. Key elements include lack of reasonable cause, malice, favorable termination for the plaintiff, and resulting damages, ensuring protection from legal abuse.

Religious conversion under Muslim law affects inheritance, marriage, maintenance, and guardianship. Apostasy dissolves a husband’s marriage, while a wife must seek divorce. Converts gain inheritance rights under Muslim law but lose them from non-Muslim relatives, balancing faith and legal status.

Audit requirements under the Companies Act, 2013 ensure transparency, accountability, and fair financial reporting. Key audits include internal, secretarial, and cost audits, depending on company type. Appointment and removal of auditors follow specific legal procedures.

Non-Profit Companies under Section 8 of the Companies Act, 2013, promote charitable objectives like education, social welfare, and environmental protection. They use profits solely for their aims, not dividends, and enjoy tax exemptions. Non-compliance can lead to penalties or dissolution.

Censorship in India balances freedom of expression with societal harmony. It spans print, electronic, and digital media through laws like the Cinematograph Act and IT Rules, 2021. While it aims to uphold public order, concerns remain over its potential misuse and impact on creativity.

Islamic inheritance law, rooted in Quranic principles, ensures structured asset distribution among heirs, emphasizing tenants-in-common rights. Differences exist in Sunni and Shia laws, including doctrines like Radd and Aul.

Compelled speech in India challenges the balance between freedom of expression under Article 19(1)(a) and state-imposed mandates. Courts cautiously limit such mandates to public interest under Article 19(2).

Ancillarisation fosters a collaborative ecosystem, linking SMEs and large firms for efficiency. Governed by the Companies Act, 2013 and MSMED Act, 2006, it supports economic growth and industrial synergy.

The doctrine of lis pendens, under Section 52 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882, prevents property transfers during litigation to safeguard legal proceedings and maintain the disputed property's status quo.

Punishment aims to deter crime, maintain order, and reform offenders. Theories like retributive, deterrent, preventive, reformative, and compensatory provide frameworks for justice, balancing crime and society.

Yellow journalism in India reflects sensationalism aimed at profits, often infringing on rights. While traditional media follows ethics, new media amplifies misinformation, requiring regulatory frameworks.

The inherent powers of courts under CPC (Sections 148–153, esp. Section 151) ensure justice by addressing procedural gaps, safeguarding equity, and preventing abuse while respecting statutory limits.

Statutory registers under the Companies Act, 2013 are essential for maintaining corporate governance, compliance, and transparency. They track shareholder details, financial records, and important company decisions.

Unlawful agreements violate law, public policy, or morals, rendering them void under Section 23 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872. They differ from illegal agreements, which involve criminal acts.

Sting operations are key investigative tools that expose corruption but often clash with privacy rights. Balancing freedom of the press with ethical limits raises significant legal and moral questions in India.

The stages of crime—intention, preparation, attempt, and commission—help determine criminal liability under Indian law, assessing the progression from thought to action for appropriate legal consequences.

Wakf is the permanent dedication of property for religious or charitable purposes under Muslim law, either by will or during the dedicator's life, and governed by statutory provisions.

Listing securities involves registering financial instruments on a stock exchange, ensuring transparency and access to capital. Companies must meet regulatory requirements for investor protection.