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lex-o-pedia
Do Computer-Generated works qualify for Copyright Protection?
Copyright law protects original works, including computer software, under India's Copyright Act of 1957. While AI-generated works raise questions about authorship, the Act doesn’t explicitly address them. As AI advances, copyright law may need reform to accommodate these changes.
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lex-o-pedia
Do Computer-Generated works qualify for Copyright Protection?
Harish Khan
lex-o-pedia
How can a research problem be formulated, and what steps are involved in identifying and refining research questions?
Naina Chawla
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Join Us as a Campus Ambassador for Legal Wires and Lex Live!
Legal Wires
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Censorship in Broadcasting and OTT Platforms: Regulation of OTT Content under IT Rules, 2021
Harish Khan
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Supreme Court Stresses Need to Clarify Judgments’ Binding Nature
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Legal Wires

Supreme Court Stresses Need to Clarify Judgments’ Binding Nature

The Supreme Court of India emphasized the need to clarify whether judgments are intended to establish binding precedents under Article 141 or resolve specific disputes, urging for cautious and explicit articulation of intent in its rulings.
Supreme Court Stresses Need to Clarify Judgments’ Binding Nature
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Legal Wires
Supreme Court Stresses Need to Clarify Judgments’ Binding Nature
The Supreme Court of India emphasized the need to clarify whether judgments are intended to establish binding precedents under Article 141 or resolve specific disputes, urging for cautious and explicit articulation of intent in its rulings.
Minor Can Be Transferee of Immovable Property: Supreme Court Clarifies Legal Position
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Legal Wires
Minor Can Be Transferee of Immovable Property: Supreme Court Clarifies Legal Position
The Supreme Court ruled that minors can validly acquire immovable property via a sale deed, as such transfers are not contracts under Section 11 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, and are legally enforceable.
24 Dead, Thousands Displaced as LA Fires Rage On
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Legal Wires
24 Dead, Thousands Displaced as LA Fires Rage On
The Los Angeles wildfires have claimed 24 lives, displaced thousands, and destroyed numerous properties. With intensified winds forecasted, firefighting efforts face renewed challenges amid critical fire weather conditions.
Military, Diplomatic, and Environmental Highlights of the Russia-Ukraine War
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Legal Wires
Military, Diplomatic, and Environmental Highlights of the Russia-Ukraine War
On Day 1,054 of the Russia-Ukraine war, Russian forces captured villages in Donetsk and Kharkiv, shelling in Kherson left 23,000 homes powerless, and diplomatic talks about sanctions and prisoner exchanges continue.
UFC Legend Khabib Questions Discrimination After Airline Incident
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Legal Wires
UFC Legend Khabib Questions Discrimination After Airline Incident
Former UFC champion Khabib Nurmagomedov was removed from a Frontier Airlines flight in Las Vegas following a seating dispute. The MMA legend alleged possible racial or national discrimination after being deplaned despite complying with exit row requirements.
Judiciary Not A Playground: SC Penalizes Litigant for Frivolous Cases
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Legal Wires
Judiciary Not A Playground: SC Penalizes Litigant for Frivolous Cases
The Supreme Court of India has imposed a ₹1,00,000 cost on a petitioner for filing frivolous cases and engaging in forum shopping over 11 years. Calling this a misuse of judicial time, the Court emphasized that the right to access justice is not absolute.
SC Questions Government on Measures for MBBS Students Affected by Ukraine Crisis
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Legal Wires
SC Questions Government on Measures for MBBS Students Affected by Ukraine Crisis
The Supreme Court of India has issued a notice to the Union of India, questioning whether relief measures for medical students who returned from Ukraine in 2022 due to the conflict extend beyond final-year students.
Wife can claim Maintenance despite Refusing RCR Decree: Supreme Court
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Legal Wires
Wife can claim Maintenance despite Refusing RCR Decree: Supreme Court
The Supreme Court has ruled that a wife refusing to live with her husband, even after a decree of restitution of conjugal rights, can still claim maintenance under Section 125 Cr.P.C.
Wildfires ravage Los Angeles: Economic toll expected to surpass $50 Billion
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Legal Wires
Wildfires ravage Los Angeles: Economic toll expected to surpass $50 Billion
The Los Angeles wildfires have devastated over 29,000 acres, destroying thousands of homes and businesses. As firefighters make progress, President Biden has pledged federal resources, calling the aftermath a “war scene.”
case-study
case-study
Anish Sinha

Case Study: Shri Mukund Bhavan Trust and Ors v. Shrimant Chhatrapati Udayan Raje Pratapsinh Maharaj Bhonsle and Anr.

The Supreme Court in Shri Mukund Bhavan Trust v. Shrimant Chhatrapati Udayan Raje Bhonsle (2024) held that courts must confidently reject plaints under Order VII Rule 11(d) CPC if barred by limitation, stressing that clever drafting can't bypass statutory deadlines.
case-study
Anish Sinha
Case Study: Shri Mukund Bhavan Trust and Ors v. Shrimant Chhatrapati Udayan Raje Pratapsinh Maharaj Bhonsle and Anr.
The Supreme Court in Shri Mukund Bhavan Trust v. Shrimant Chhatrapati Udayan Raje Bhonsle (2024) held that courts must confidently reject plaints under Order VII Rule 11(d) CPC if barred by limitation, stressing that clever drafting can't bypass statutory deadlines.
case-study
Shivani Chauhan
Case Study: The Animal Welfare Board of India & Ors. v. Union of India & Anr.
The Supreme Court upheld the 2017 Amendment Acts permitting Jallikattu, Kambala, and bullock-cart races, citing cultural significance and compliance with animal welfare laws. It overruled A. Nagaraja, affirming states’ legislative competence and balancing heritage with cruelty prevention.
case-study
Anish Sinha
Case Study: Giriyappa & Anr. V. Kamalamma & Ors.
The Supreme Court in Giriyappa & Anr. v. Kamalamma & Ors. reaffirmed that Section 53A of the Transfer of Property Act requires strict compliance with statutory prerequisites, including a valid written contract, lawful possession, and willingness to perform obligations.
case-study
Anish Sinha
Case Study: Indian Maritime University v. Smt. Nimmia Kundlia and anr.
The State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission ruled that the District Commission lacked jurisdiction over a fee refund dispute involving the Indian Maritime University. It also held that educational institutions are not "service providers" under the Consumer Protection Act.
case-study
Anish Sinha
Case Study: Rabindra Kumar Chhatoi v. State of Odisha & Anr.
In Rabindra Kumar Chhatoi v. State of Odisha, the Supreme Court ruled that the backyard of a private house does not qualify as a "public view" under Section 3(1)(x) of the SC/ST Act, discharging the appellant from charges of caste-based abuse and related IPC offences.
Case Study: Nalin Choksey v. Commissioner of Customs, Kochi
case-study
Anish Sinha
Case Study: Nalin Choksey v. Commissioner of Customs, Kochi
In Nalin Choksey v. Commissioner of Customs, the SC held that subsequent purchasers aren't liable for customs duty evasion by importers. It ruled that liability arises at importation, not ownership transfer, and set aside duties imposed on the appellant.
Case Study: State of NCT of Delhi v. Mohd. Jabir
case-study
Anish Sinha
Case Study: State of NCT of Delhi v. Mohd. Jabir
The Supreme Court in State of NCT of Delhi v. Mohd. Jabir upheld procedural compliance under Section 50 NDPS Act, ruling that using "any" instead of "nearest" Gazetted Officer doesn’t invalidate the search if substantive rights aren’t prejudiced. Bail was revoked.
Case Study: State of HP v. Jai Lal & Ors.
case-study
Nishant Singh Rawat
Case Study: State of HP v. Jai Lal & Ors.
Expert evidence must rely on scientific methodology, adequately explained and backed by credible data, allowing courts to independently evaluate its accuracy and reliability
Case Study: Justice K.S. Puttaswamy & Ors. v. Union of India (UOI) & Ors.
case-study
Yousuf Khan
Case Study: Justice K.S. Puttaswamy & Ors. v. Union of India (UOI) & Ors.
In Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India, the Supreme Court affirmed privacy as a fundamental right under Article 21, integral to dignity and autonomy, yet subject to reasonable restrictions.
columns
columns
Harish Khan

Beyond the Algorithm: The Human Right to Be Forgotten

Right to be Forgotten, privacy law, GDPR, Google Spain, data protection, digital privacy, data erasure, freedom of expression, personal data, EU regulations, public interest, search engines, data subjects, right to erasure.
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Harish Khan
Beyond the Algorithm: The Human Right to Be Forgotten
Right to be Forgotten, privacy law, GDPR, Google Spain, data protection, digital privacy, data erasure, freedom of expression, personal data, EU regulations, public interest, search engines, data subjects, right to erasure.
columns
Anish Sinha
The Global Imperative to Criminalize Ecocide: A Scholarly Inquiry into Environmental Justice
The proposal to criminalize ecocide as an international crime marks a pivotal shift in global justice. By recognizing large-scale environmental harm as a violation of planetary rights, it seeks to deter destruction, ensure accountability, and champion ecological integrity.
columns
Anish Sinha
Mimansa Sutras: Bridging Ancient Wisdom and Modern Jurisprudence
The Mimansa principles, rooted in ancient Indian jurisprudence, offer timeless methodologies for statutory interpretation. Balancing textual fidelity with ethical reasoning, they harmonize tradition and modernity, enriching contemporary legal frameworks and advancing equity.
columns
Anish Sinha
Nipping frivolous litigation in the Bud: Supreme Court’s landmark decision on Limitation
The Supreme Court’s landmark decision in Shri Mukund Bhavan Trust v. Shrimant Chhatrapati Udayan Raje Bhonsle reaffirms Order VII Rule 11(d)'s power to reject plaints barred by limitation, emphasizing procedural discipline to curb frivolous litigation and uphold judicial efficiency.
columns
Anish Sinha
Data Privacy and Competition Law: Uniting Forces in the Digital Age
Data privacy and competition law converge in the digital age, addressing market dominance and personal data misuse. This article explores their synergies, conflicts, and the need for integrated regulations to foster innovation, ensure fairness, and protect rights.
columns
Anish Sinha
GIFT City: A Gateway to Global Financial and Educational Innovation
GIFT City, India’s smart financial hub in Gujarat, blends advanced infrastructure with a dynamic regulatory framework. It fosters global collaboration in finance and education, attracting top foreign universities and investors, and positioning India as a global innovation leader.
columns
Anish Sinha
The Supreme Court’s landmark judgment in Arif Azim Co. Ltd. v. Micromax Informatics FZE: A Deep Dive into the Distinction between 'Seat' and 'Venue' in International Arbitration
The Supreme Court in Arif Azim Co. Ltd. v. Micromax Informatics FZE clarified the distinction between the 'seat' and 'venue' in arbitration, reinforcing party autonomy and defining Dubai as the seat under UAE law, limiting Indian courts' jurisdiction.
Censorship in Broadcasting and OTT Platforms: Regulation of OTT Content under IT Rules, 2021
columns
Harish Khan
Censorship in Broadcasting and OTT Platforms: Regulation of OTT Content under IT Rules, 2021
The rise of OTT platforms in India has sparked a debate on balancing free expression and societal interests. The IT Rules, 2021, aim to regulate content with a three-tier grievance redressal system, ensuring accountability while addressing concerns over censorship.
India’s Trade Deficit: Understanding the Complexities and Path Forward
columns
Anish Sinha
India’s Trade Deficit: Understanding the Complexities and Path Forward
India’s trade deficit reflects growing domestic demand and structural challenges like energy reliance and tech imports. Strategic policies, export diversification, and investments in renewable energy and manufacturing aim to balance trade and drive sustainable growth.
lex-o-pedia
lex-o-pedia
Harish Khan

How does the Court of Justice of the European Union shape Legal Integration and EU Law?

The Court of Justice of the European Union ensures uniform application of EU law across Member States through direct proceedings and preliminary rulings. Its role in legal integration, judicial supremacy, and shaping key legal principles is pivotal for the EU.
lex-o-pedia
Harish Khan
How does the Court of Justice of the European Union shape Legal Integration and EU Law?
The Court of Justice of the European Union ensures uniform application of EU law across Member States through direct proceedings and preliminary rulings. Its role in legal integration, judicial supremacy, and shaping key legal principles is pivotal for the EU.
lex-o-pedia
Anish Sinha
How can Decrees Be Executed Effectively?
The execution of decrees under Order XXI CPC ensures judicial decisions are enforced effectively. Modes include delivery of property, attachment, arrest, receivership, partition, and monetary payments, upholding the rule of law and ensuring substantive justice.
lex-o-pedia
Anish Sinha
How do the Doctrines of Arrest and Attachment before Judgment operate in Civil Procedure?
The doctrines of arrest and attachment before judgment, codified under Order XXXVIII of the CPC, are safeguards to secure justice by preventing evasion or dissipation of assets. Courts apply these extraordinary measures with caution, balancing fairness and procedural integrity.
lex-o-pedia
Anish Sinha
What are the Judicial Commissions under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908?
The Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, empowers courts to issue commissions under Section 75 and Order XXVI. These commissions address complex legal issues, gather evidence, and ensure procedural efficiency, aiding justice through specialized investigations and impartial reports.
lex-o-pedia
Anish Sinha
What are the provisions for custody and arrest under BNSS and CrPC?
Custody, as a cornerstone of the criminal justice system, ensures accountability while balancing individual rights. This analysis examines custody provisions under BNSS and CrPC, exploring judicial safeguards, reforms, and challenges to prevent abuse and uphold justice.
lex-o-pedia
Anish Sinha
What is John Doe Orders?
John Doe orders address challenges posed by anonymity in legal disputes, particularly in intellectual property rights. Originating in English law, these orders empower courts globally to act against unidentified defendants, balancing rights with enforcement.
lex-o-pedia
Naina Chawla
What are the Commencement, Settlement Agreement, and Termination Procedures of Conciliation Proceedings?
Conciliation is a voluntary dispute resolution process where a neutral conciliator helps parties reach a mutual agreement. It begins with a written invitation, progresses through the appointment of conciliators, and concludes with a legally binding settlement agreement.
lex-o-pedia
Naina Chawla
What is the Place and Language of Arbitration?
The place and language of arbitration are crucial in shaping procedural fairness, efficiency, and enforceability. Governed by Sections 20 and 22 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, they ensure party autonomy while allowing tribunals discretion when necessary.
lex-o-pedia
Naina Chawla
What role does Natural Justice play in Arbitration Proceedings?
Natural justice plays a vital role in arbitration proceedings by ensuring fairness, impartiality, and transparency, upholding the right to a fair hearing, and preventing bias. Adherence to these principles strengthens the legitimacy and efficacy of arbitration.
glossary
Legal Maxim: Novus Actus Interveniens
glossary
Akash Srivastava

Legal Maxim: Novus Actus Interveniens

Novus Actus Interveniens is a legal doctrine that breaks the chain of causation, relieving a defendant of liability when an unforeseeable, independent act intervenes between their action and the resulting harm.
Legal Maxim: Novus Actus Interveniens
glossary
Akash Srivastava
Legal Maxim: Novus Actus Interveniens
Novus Actus Interveniens is a legal doctrine that breaks the chain of causation, relieving a defendant of liability when an unforeseeable, independent act intervenes between their action and the resulting harm.
Legal Maxim: De minimis non curat lex
glossary
Sujal Kesharwani
Legal Maxim: De minimis non curat lex
“De minimis non curat lex,” a Latin maxim meaning “The law does not concern itself with trifles,” signifies that courts should not waste time on minor, insignificant matters. Originating from Roman law, this principle is reflected in Section 95 of the Indian Penal Code, which prevents penalizing tri
Legal Maxim: Suppressio Veri or Suggestio Falsi
glossary
Sahil Kumar
Legal Maxim: Suppressio Veri or Suggestio Falsi
The legal maxim “suppressio veri or suggestio falsi” signifies that the suppression of truth is equivalent to the suggestion of falsehood. This principle holds that if either the omission of relevant facts or the presentation of false information regarding a material fact in a contract can be proven
Legal Maxim: Noscitur a Sociis
glossary
Sahil Kumar
Legal Maxim: Noscitur a Sociis
The legal maxim “Noscitur a Sociis” means “it is known by its associates.” This doctrine asserts that the meaning of an unclear word in a statute or contract should be determined by the words surrounding it. It emphasizes context, ensuring the interpretation aligns with the document’s overall intent
Glossary: Nemo Debet Esse Judex In Propria Sua Causa
glossary
Disha Bhardwaj
Glossary: Nemo Debet Esse Judex In Propria Sua Causa
“Nemo debet esse judex in propria sua causa” is a Latin legal maxim meaning “no one should be a judge in their own cause.” This principle ensures fairness and impartiality in legal proceedings by preventing conflicts of interest. It upholds the integrity of the judicial system by guaranteeing that d
Glossary: Allegans Contraria Non Est Audiendus
glossary
Sahil Kumar
Glossary: Allegans Contraria Non Est Audiendus
“Allegans contraria non est audiendus,” a Latin legal maxim, translates to “a person alleging contradictory facts is not to be heard.” This principle emphasizes consistency in legal arguments, asserting that one cannot present conflicting statements or claims within the same case. It is fundamental
Vakalatnama
glossary
Floren Kesharwani
Vakalatnama
A Vakalatnama is a legal document authorizing an advocate to represent a client in a court of law. It grants the lawyer the power to act on behalf of the client, including filing suits, attending hearings, and signing pleadings. Typically, the client signs the Vakalatnama, and it is submitted to the
Legal Maxim: Actori Incumbit Onus Probandi
glossary
Fazila Khan
Legal Maxim: Actori Incumbit Onus Probandi
Actori Incumbit Onus Probandi, a Latin legal maxim, means “the burden of proof lies on the plaintiff.” The burden of proof requires the plaintiff to establish the facts of the case to the requisite standard of proof, typically “beyond a reasonable doubt” in criminal cases and “preponderance of evide
Legal Maxim: Expressio Unius Est Exclusio Alterius
glossary
Paridhi Tiwari
Legal Maxim: Expressio Unius Est Exclusio Alterius
xpressio Unius Est Exclusio Alterius is a legal maxim meaning “the expression of one thing is the exclusion of another.” It is used in statutory interpretation to infer that if a law explicitly mentions certain items, other items not mentioned are excluded.
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