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Necessity and Proportionality in International Humanitarian Law: Legal Boundaries in Armed Conflict
The principles of necessity and proportionality in IHL limit warfare by balancing military objectives with humanitarian concerns. Rooted in treaties and customary law, they ensure that force is essential and proportionate, preventing excessive harm to civilians.
What is the Doctrine of Regulatory Taking in International Investment Law?
The doctrine of regulatory taking in international investment law ensures compensation when state regulations significantly impact foreign investments, even without formal expropriation. Balancing sovereign regulation and investor rights remains a key challenge.