Wakf is the permanent dedication of property for religious or charitable purposes under Muslim law, either by will or during the dedicator's life, and governed by statutory provisions.

Under Muslim law, guardianship (Wilayat) includes managing a minor's personal and property interests. Types include natural, testamentary, court-appointed, and de-facto guardians, prioritizing the child's welfare.

Muslim law mandates maintenance for dependents lacking self-support, prioritizing a wife's right over other relatives. Post-divorce, a fair provision is owed to a wife beyond the iddat, as upheld by Shah Bano's case.

Mubara’at is a form of Islamic divorce where both spouses mutually agree to end their marriage due to mutual dissatisfaction. Unlike Khula, it is initiated by either party and requires no compensation.

Muslim law in India stems from the Quran, Hadith, Ijma, and Qiyas. These primary sources, along with legislation, judicial decisions, and customs, create a balanced yet adaptable legal framework for Muslims.

Muta marriage, a temporary union in Shia law, sets a defined period and dower. While it provides legitimacy to children, it lacks mutual inheritance rights and maintenance unless specified in the agreement.

Under Muslim law, parentage defines legal rights for children, focusing on legitimacy established through lawful marriage. Maternity is clear-cut, while paternity and legitimacy hinge on valid wedlock.

Talak in Muslim law includes express, implied, delegated, constructive, Khula, Mubara'at, and judicial divorce, offering various grounds and processes for dissolution.

Moral rights in copyright law, rooted in French “droit moral,” ensure that authors retain rights to protect the integrity and authorship of their work beyond economic rights, as highlighted in the Indian Copyright Act, 1957 (Section 57). Indian law aligns with international standards, including the

The idea-expression dichotomy in copyright law protects only the specific expression of an idea, not the idea itself. This balance, upheld in cases like Baker v. Selden, fosters creativity by allowing creators to safeguard their work without monopolizing concepts.

Following the death of Prophet Muhammad, differences over leadership led to the formation of Sunni and Shia sects, each developing distinct schools of law within Islam. The Sunni sect comprises four main schools—Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi’i, and Hanbali—while the Shia sect includes Ithna Ashari, Ismaili,

Under Muslim law, marriage, or Nikah, is seen as both a civil contract and a religious duty, structured around core principles like mutual consent, competency, and adherence to Islamic guidelines. Essential conditions for a valid marriage include proposal and acceptance, the free will of both partie

Guardianship and parental rights form a foundational aspect of family law, emphasizing the welfare of the child as the primary concern. Guided by principles like those in the Children Act 1989 in the UK and the Guardians and Wards Act, 1890 in India, decisions surrounding a child’s welfare prioritiz

Deceptive similarity in trademark law refers to the likelihood of consumer confusion between two trademarks that are not identical but resemble each other closely. Defined under Section 2(1)(h) of the Trade Marks Act, 1999, it emphasizes that a mark can be considered deceptively similar if it is lik

Iddat, in Islamic law, is a waiting period a Muslim woman must observe after divorce or her husband’s death before remarrying. It serves to confirm paternity, allows for emotional healing, and respects societal norms. Duration varies: four months and ten days after a husband’s death, or three menstr

Faskh, or judicial divorce in Muslim law, enables a wife to seek marriage dissolution through specific grounds under the Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act, 1939. Unlike a husband’s unilateral divorce power, faskh provides women recourse based on the husband’s absence, failure to maintain, imprison

The concept of dower (mahr) in Muslim law represents a mandatory sum or property the husband promises to provide to the wife upon marriage. Unlike a dowry, dower is a legal entitlement for the wife and remains valid even if unspecified at marriage. Dower can be classified as specified or proper, pro

The Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956 (HAMA), obligates Hindus to provide for the maintenance of their children, including illegitimate ones, and their aged or infirm parents. Under Section 20, this duty extends to ensuring the provision of basic needs like food, clothing, and education. Both

Spousal maintenance under Hindu law is governed by the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956, and the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973. Both interim and permanent maintenance can be claimed by either spouse, with specific provisions for a wife under CrPC and HAMA. Courts c

The process of trademark registration in India, governed by the Trade Marks Act, 1999, involves several key steps to protect a brand’s identity. Any person claiming to be the proprietor of a trademark can apply for registration with the Registrar. Upon acceptance, the application is advertised for p

Passing off is a legal remedy under common law that protects the goodwill of unregistered trademarks from being misrepresented by others. It occurs when one party falsely represents their goods or services as those of another, causing consumer confusion. Under Indian law, passing off is actionable e

Dowry and Stridhan, though both associated with marriage, are fundamentally distinct. Stridhan refers to a woman’s voluntary property rights, including gifts she receives, over which she has complete ownership. In contrast, dowry involves a coercive demand from the groom’s side, often leading to fin

In Muslim law, marriage (Nikah) is a legal contract based on mutual consent (Ijab-o-Qubool) between a man and woman. It legitimizes their union and establishes rights like dower (Mehr) and inheritance. Muslim marriages can be categorized as valid (Sahih), void (Batil), or irregular (Fasid), with eac

Cruelty, as a ground for divorce under Hindu law, encompasses both physical and mental harm. It is not confined to acts of violence but extends to behaviors causing emotional distress or mental anguish. The 1976 amendment to the Hindu Marriage Act broadened its scope, focusing on the impact of the r

Under the Hindu Succession Act, 1956, if a Hindu male dies intestate, his property first devolves upon Class I heirs, including the deceased’s sons, daughters, widow, and mother, who inherit equally. If no Class I heirs exist, the property passes to Class II heirs like the father, siblings, or grand